Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

high-set monoplane

  • 1 high-set monoplane

    высокоплан, моноплан с верхним расположением крыла

    Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > high-set monoplane

  • 2 monoplane

    Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > monoplane

  • 3 Fokker, Anthony Herman Gerard

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 6 April 1890 Kediri, Java, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)
    d. 23 December 1939 New York, USA
    [br]
    Dutch designer of German fighter aircraft during the First World War and of many successful airliners during the 1920s and 1930s.
    [br]
    Anthony Fokker was born in Java, where his Dutch father had a coffee plantation. The family returned to the Netherlands and, after schooling, young Anthony went to Germany to study aeronautics. With the aid of a friend he built his first aeroplane, the Spin, in 1910: this was a monoplane capable of short hops. By 1911 Fokker had improved the Spin and gained a pilot's licence. In 1912 he set up a company called Fokker Aeroplanbau at Johannistal, outside Berlin, and a series of monoplanes followed.
    When war broke out in 1914 Fokker offered his designs to both sides, and the Germans accepted them. His E I monoplane of 1915 caused a sensation with its manoeuvrability and forward-firing machine gun. Fokker and his collaborators improved on the French deflector system introduced by Raymond Saulnier by fitting an interrupter gear which synchronized the machine gun to fire between the blades of the rotating propeller. The Fokker Dr I triplane and D VII biplane were also outstanding German fighters of the First World War. Fokker's designs were often the work of an employee who received little credit: nevertheless, Fokker was a gifted pilot and a great organizer. After the war, Fokker moved back to the Netherlands and set up the Fokker Aircraft Works in Amsterdam. In 1922, however, he emigrated to the USA and established the Atlantic Aircraft Corporation in New Jersey. His first significant success there came the following year when one of his T-2 monoplanes became the first aircraft to fly non-stop across the USA, from New York to San Diego. He developed a series of civil aircraft using the well-proven method of construction he used for his fighters: fuselages made from steel tubes and thick, robust wooden wings. Of these, probably the most famous was the F VII/3m, a high-wing monoplane with three engines and capable of carrying about ten passengers. From 1925 the F VII/3m airliner was used worldwide and made many record-breaking flights, such as Lieutenant-Commander Richard Byrd's first flight over the North Pole in 1926 and Charles Kingsford-Smith's first transpacific flight in 1928. By this time Fokker had lost interest in military aircraft and had begun to see flight as a means of speeding up global communications and bringing people together. His last years were spent in realizing this dream, and this was reflected in his concentration on the design and production of passenger aircraft.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Royal Netherlands Aeronautical Society Gold Medal 1932.
    Bibliography
    1931, The Flying Dutchman: The Life of Anthony Fokker, London: Routledge \& Sons (an interesting, if rather biased, autobiography).
    Further Reading
    A.R.Weyl, 1965, Fokker: The Creative Years, London; reprinted 1988 (a very detailed account of Fokker's early work).
    Thijs Postma, 1979, Fokker: Aircraft Builders to the World, Holland; 1980, English edn, London (a well-illustrated history of Fokker and the company).
    Henri Hegener, 1961, Fokker: The Man and His Aircraft, Letchworth, Herts.
    JDS / CM

    Biographical history of technology > Fokker, Anthony Herman Gerard

  • 4 Boeing, William Edward

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 1 October 1881 Detroit, Michigan, USA
    d. 28 September 1956 USA
    [br]
    American aircraft designer, creator of one of the most successful aircraft manufacturing companies in the world.
    [br]
    In 1915 William E.Boeing and his friend Commander Conrad Westervelt decided that they could improve on the aeroplanes then being produced in the United States. Boeing was a prominent Seattle businessman with interests in land and timber, while Westervelt was an officer in the US Navy. They bought a Martin Model T float-plane in order to gain some experience and then produced their own design, the B \& W, which first flew in June 1916. Westervelt was transferred to the East, leaving Boeing to continue the production of the B \& W floatplanes, for which purpose he set up the Pacific Aero Products Company. On 26 April 1917 this became the Boeing Airplane Company, which prospered following the US involvement in the First World War.
    In March 1919 Boeing and Edward Hubbard inaugurated the world's first international airmail service between Seattle and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Boeing Company then had to face the slump in aircraft manufacturing after the war: they survived, and by 1922 they had started producing a successful series of fighters while continuing to develop their flying-boat and floatplane designs. Boeing set up the Boeing Air Transport Corporation to tender for lucrative airmail contracts and then produced aircraft which could out-perform those of his rivals. The company went from strength to strength and by the end of the 1920s a huge conglomerate had been built up: the United Aircraft and Transport Corporation. They produced an advanced high-speed monoplane mailplane, the model 200 Monomail in 1930, which saw the birth of a new era of Boeing designs.
    The Wall Street crash of 1929 and legislation in 1934, which banned any company from both building aeroplanes and running an airline, were setbacks which the Boeing Airplane Company overcame, moving ahead to become world leaders. William E.Boeing decided that it was time he retired, but he returned to work during the Second World War.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Guggenheim Medal 1934.
    Further Reading
    C.Chant, 1982, Boeing: The World's Greatest Planemakers, Hadley Wood, England (describes William E.Boeing's part in the founding and building up of the Boeing Company).
    P.M.Bowers, 1990, Boeing Aircraft since 1916, 3rd edn, London (covers Boeing's aircraft).
    Boeing Company, 1977, Pedigree of Champions: Boeing since 1916, Seattle.
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Boeing, William Edward

  • 5 Junkers, Hugo

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 3 February 1859 Rheydt, Germany
    d. 3 February 1935 Munich, Germany
    [br]
    German aircraft designer, pioneer of all-metal aircraft, including the world's first real airliner.
    [br]
    Hugo Junkers trained as an engineer and in 1895 founded the Junkers Company, which manufactured metal products including gas-powered hot-water heaters. He was also Professor of Thermodynamics at the high school in Aachen. The visits to Europe by the Wright brothers in 1908 and 1909 aroused his interest in flight, and in 1910 he was granted a patent for a flying wing, i.e. no fuselage and a thick wing which did not require external bracing wires. Using his sheet-metal experience he built the more conventional Junkers J 1 entirely of iron and steel. It made its first flight in December 1915 but was rather heavy and slow, so Junkers turned to the newly available aluminium alloys and built the J 4 bi-plane, which entered service in 1917. To stiffen the thin aluminium-alloy skins, Junkers used corrugations running fore and aft, a feature of his aircraft for the next twenty years. Incidentally, in 1917 the German authorities persuaded Junkers and Fokker to merge, but the Junkers-Fokker Company was short-lived.
    After the First World War Junkers very rapidly converted to commercial aviation, and in 1919 he produced a single-engined low-wing monoplane capable of carrying four passengers in an enclosed cabin. The robust all-metal F 13 is generally accepted as being the world's first airliner and over three hundred were built and used worldwide: some were still in service eighteen years later. A series of low-wing transport aircraft followed, of which the best known is the Ju 52. The original version had a single engine and first flew in 1930; a three-engined version flew in 1932 and was known as the Ju 52/3m. This was used by many airlines and served with the Luftwaffe throughout the Second World War, with almost five thousand being built.
    Junkers was always ready to try new ideas, such as a flap set aft of the trailing edge of the wing that became known as the "Junkers flap". In 1923 he founded a company to design and manufacture stationary diesel engines and aircraft petrol engines. Work commenced on a diesel aero-engine: this flew in 1929 and a successful range of engines followed later. Probably the most spectacular of Junkers's designs was his G 38 airliner of 1929. This was the world's largest land-plane at the time, with a wing span of 44 m (144 ft). The wing was so thick that some of the thirty-four passengers could sit in the wing and look out through windows in the leading edge. Two were built and were frequently seen on European routes.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1923, "Metal aircraft construction", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, London.
    Further Reading
    G.Schmitt, 1988, Hugh Junkers and His Aircraft, Berlin.
    1990, Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I, London: Jane's (provides details of Junkers's aircraft).
    P. St J.Turner and H.J.Nowarra, 1971, Junkers: An Aircraft Album, London.
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Junkers, Hugo

См. также в других словарях:

  • Monoplane — For Félix du Temple s invention, see Monoplane (1874) Monoplane The low wing of a Curtiss P 40 …   Wikipedia

  • airplane — /air playn /, n. 1. a heavier than air aircraft kept aloft by the upward thrust exerted by the passing air on its fixed wings and driven by propellers, jet propulsion, etc. 2. any similar heavier than air aircraft, as a glider or helicopter. Also …   Universalium

  • Koolhoven (aircraft manufacturer) — N.V. Koolhoven was an aircraft manufacturer based in Rotterdam in the Netherlands. From its conception in 1926 to is destruction in the Blitzkrieg in May 1940, the company remained the Netherlands second major aircraft manufacturer (After Fokker) …   Wikipedia

  • Antonov An-2 — An 2R on skis allowing for operations in the snow Role Agricultural …   Wikipedia

  • Charles Lindbergh — This article is about the 20th Century aviator. For other uses, see Charles Lindbergh (disambiguation). Charles Lindbergh Charles Lindbergh, photo by Harris Ewing Born February 4, 1902(1902 …   Wikipedia

  • List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft, pre-1950 — This is a list of notable accidents and incidents involving military aircraft grouped by the year in which the accident or incident occurred. For more exhaustive lists, see the [http://www.baaa acro.com/ Aircraft Crash Record Office] or the [http …   Wikipedia

  • Bristol Type 138 — Infobox Aircraft name=Type 138 High Altitude Monoplane caption=The Type 138A over Farnborough c. 1937 type=High altitude research aircraft manufacturer=Bristol Aeroplane Company designer=Frank Barnwell first flight=11 May 1936 introduced= retired …   Wikipedia

  • Avia — is a Czech aircraft and automotive company notable for producing biplane fighter aircraft, especially the B 534, and trucks. History The company was founded in 1919 and became part of Škoda in 1928. During the 1930s the factory became the biggest …   Wikipedia

  • Supermarine Spitfire — Infobox Aircraft name =Spitfire type =Fighter manufacturer =Supermarine caption =The distinctive silhouette of a typical Spitfire shows elliptical wings. (P7350, a Mk IIa, was first delivered to 266 Squadron on 6 September 1940.) designer =R. J.… …   Wikipedia

  • Driggers D1-A — The sole Driggers D1 A exhibited at the EAA Museum at Oshkosh …   Wikipedia

  • Floyd Bennett Field — For the airport in Queensbury, New York, see Floyd Bennett Memorial Airport. Floyd Bennett Field Historic District U.S. National Register of Historic Places …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»